Yes, you can but do not buy this piece of metal
I think ben has this set, sans metric, it is awful.
I bought a 10$ pair of vernier calipers at Hardwicks on Roosevelt that have been fine and are higher quality. Looked similar to this.
For bike stuff you want metric, and you only need to read down to a tenth of a millimeter. (ie seatposts) and often times the parts themselves are not constructed to tolerance but you have to know what the nominal dimenison should be (ie 25.4 mm vs 26.0 mm stem clamp diameters).
Again, since you only need them to read to a tenth of a mm, then you don't need the more expensive dial or digital versions and you get to impress the ladies since you know how to read a vernier. Reading US units in fractions on a vernier is a pain though.